Everyday Use Chapter 2 Outline

Using the Five Traditional Canons of Rhetoric

·      Raise your awareness of how you use rhetoric

·      Canons – invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery

Rhetoric at Work: Context and the Three Appeals

·      Ethos - ethics

·      Logos - facts

·      Pathos – emotions

·      Invention strategies help generate material that is clear, forceful, convincing, and emotionally appealing

·      Techniques of arrangement, style, and delivery help you to put your material in structures, patterns, and formas that will be understandable to your readers ad help them to see you as a credible, sympathetic even impressive person.

·      Methods of tapping into your readers’ memories and cultural associations will assist with your efforts to clarify your ideas and arguments for readers and will help them to see you as a person who is on their side, who is one of them.

Invention

·      To find ideas, reading background, and observations that can be put together to form a composition

Systematic Invention Strategy I: The Journalist’s Questions

·      Who

·      What

·      When

·      Where

·      Why

·      How

·      The answer to these questions produce an ample inventory of the ideas introduced and developed in a composition

Systematic Invention Strategy II: Kenneth Burke’s Pentad

·      Act: What happened?

·      Scene: When and Where did it happen?

·      Agent: Who did it?

·      Agency: How was it done?

·      Purpose: Why was it done?

·      It relates the questions instead of keeping them separate

·      It is helpful for analyzing human behavior

Systematic Invention Strategy III: The Enthymeme

·      Nearly everything people write about presents an argument

·      Unstated premise – is always an irrefutable generalization.

·      Minor premise – particular instance of generalization

·      Conclusion – idea that logically follows

Systematic Invention Strategy IV: The Topics

·      The places a writer might go to discover methods for proof and strategies for presenting ideas

The Basic Topics

·      4 basic topics

·      Possible and impossible

·      Past Fact

·      Future Fact

·      Greater and Less

The Common Topics

·      Definitions

·      Division

·      Comparison and Contrast

·      Relationships

·      Circumstances

·      Testimony

Intuitive Invention Strategies: A Preview

·      Free writing- write for 5 -10 minutes about whatever comes to mind when you think about your subject matter

·      Keeping a journal – record your observations, thoughts, and responses to your reading

·      Conversations- just talking about your subject helps create ideas

Arrangement

·      The canon of Arrangement offers techniques that writers can use to give appropriate and effective order and structure to texts.

Genres

·      There is no single pattern that will work with every type of genre

·      All pieces have a beginning (central question), middle (points/back up), and end (answers the question: so what?)

Functional Parts

·      Divide the text into functional parts

·      Is there one piece that clearly states the purpose?

Questions About the Parts

·      Ask yourself why they are divided in this way

Style

·      The canon of Style represents an extensive array of strategies that writers can use to craft their sentences , phrases, and words in ways that are appropriate and effective in the particular writing situation.

Memory

·      The canon of memory today guides writers to try to tap into the “cultural memory” of their readers effectively

Delivery

·      The canon of delivery today helps writers decide how to format their compositions, either in print or electronically, in a way that is most effective for readers.